The Crystal Structure of Fluphenazinium Dipicrate Dimethylsulphoxide Solvate

Abstract  

The title compound, C₂₂H₂₈F₃N₃OS²⁺ × 2(C₆H₂N₃O₇ ⁻) × (CH₃)₂SO—the picrate salt of the potent antipsychotic drug, fluphenazine—crystallizes in the triclinic P-1 space group with unit cell parameters a = 10.6333(12) ?, b = 11.9696(12) ?, c = 17.7036(15) ?, α = 103.265(9)°, β = 98.414(9)°, γ = 102.702(10)°. The ionic fragments: the fluphenazinium dictation, and two picrate anions, are joined by means of strong N–H···O and weak C–H···O hydrogen bonds into the chains of alternating cations and anions, expanding along [010] direction. Within the chain, the picrates interact by means of short π···π interactions: the mean distance between the planes is 3.366 ?; additional interaction of the same type between one of the picrates and the phenyl ring of the phenothiazine ring system additionally strengthen the pattern. The phenothiazine ring exists in a typical, “butterfly-like” conformation, with two terminal rings planar and the central ring in a slightly flattened boat form. This conformation results in the dihedral angle between the terminal rings of 41.76(5)°. The aliphatic chain which substitutes phenothiazine at N-position is not in an extended conformation, the torsion angles along this chain are 75.95(14)° and −163.96(10)°. The structure contains also the solvent—dimethylsulphoxide molecules, which are connected with the cation–anion structure by means of strong O–H···O hydrogen bonds.     

Epitaxial graphene perfection vs. SiC substrate quality

Polytype instability of SiC epitaxial films was the main focus of attention in the experiment performed since this factor has a decisive influence on graphene growth, which was the second stage of the experiment. Layers deposited in various initial C/Si ratios were analyzed.     

Unified encoding for hyper-heuristics with application to bioinformatics

This paper introduces a new approach to applying hyper-heuristic algorithms to solve combinatorial problems with less effort, taking into account the modelling and algorithm construction process. We propose a unified encoding of a solution and a set of low level heuristics which are domain-independent and which change the solution itself. This approach enables us to address NP-hard problems and generate good approximate solutions in a reasonable time without a large amount of additional work required to tailor search methodologies for the problem in hand. In particular, we focused on solving DNA sequencing by hybrydization with errors, which is known to be strongly NP-hard. The approach was extensively tested by solving multiple instances of well-known combinatorial problems and compared with results generated by meta heuristics that have been tailored for specific problem domains.     

Synthesis of β-amino-α-trifluoromethyl alcohols and their applications in organic synthesis

A comprehensive overview on methods applied for syntheses of β-amino-α-trifluoromethyl alcohols, including stereocontrolled variants, is presented. In addition, reported cases of the exploration of β-amino-α-trifluoromethyl alcohols for the preparation of trifluoromethylated peptidomimetics and other biologically active, fluorinated compounds are discussed. Attractive opportunities for their applications as organocatalysts are also presented.     

Structure and atropisomerisation of new diastereomeric gossypol Schiff bases with (R)-(+)-2-amino-3-benzyloxy-1-propanol studied by NMR,ECD and DFT methods

Gossypol Schiff base with (R)-(+)-2-amino-3-benzyloxy-1-propanol 1 was synthesised and resolved by HPLC method into diastereomers to study their atropisomerisation process. The spectroscopic analysis performed by one- and two-dimensional NMR, UV–vis and FT-IR methods indicated that the compound exists in solution as an enamine-oxo tautomer. The ECD measurements and TD-DFT calculations allowed us to unambiguously determine the configuration about the axially chiral biaryl moiety of 1. The conditions of the atropisomerisation processes of diastereopure gossypol Schiff bases (S_AX,R)-1 and (R_AX,R)-1 were determined on the basis of ECD and NMR measurements. Exposure of the diastereomers of 1 to sunlight and to the light at λ = 254 nm significantly accelerated the atropisomerisation when compared to its rate in the dark.     

Optimal and one-complemented subspaces

Let X be a real Banach space and let V ⊂ X be a closed linear subspace. In [4, Prop. 5] it has been proven that if X is strictly convex, reflexive and smooth and V is an optimal subset of X then V is one-complemented in X. In this note we would like to extend this result to non-smooth Banach spaces. In particular, we show that any existence subspace of c,c _o and l ₁ is one-complemented. Also some results concerning non-smooth Musielak-Orlicz sequence spaces equipped with the Luxemburg norm will be presented. The first author was supported by Polish State Committee for Scientific Research Grant KBN 1 PO3A O10 26. Authors’ addresses: Grzegorz Lewicki, Department of Mathematics, Jagiellonian University, 30-059 Kraków, Reymonta 4, Poland; Giulio Trombetta, Department of Mathematics, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy     

Asymptotic Behavior of Factorization and Projection Constants

This paper is concerned with estimates of important factorization constants that appear in Banach space theory. We prove upper bounds of the Hilbertian norm of projections on finite-dimensional spaces of interpolation spaces generated by certain abstract interpolation functors and show applications to Calderón–Lozanovskii spaces. We also prove estimates of the p-factorization norm and projection constants for finite-dimensional Banach lattices. We show as a consequence of our results that in a large class of n-dimensional Banach sequence lattices \(E_n\) the projection constants \(\lambda (E_n)\) satisfy \(\lim _{n\rightarrow \infty }\lambda (E_n)/\sqrt{n} = c\), where \(c=\sqrt{2/\pi }\) in the real case and \(c= \sqrt{\pi }/2\) in the complex case. Applications are given to vector-valued sequence spaces.